Two Exhibitions of German Expressionist prints in Maine

The Robbers: German Art in a Time of Crisis 

The Portland Museum of Art (PMA) opened The Robbers: German Art in a Time of Crisis February 23. The exhibition of 21 German prints executed between the World Wars highlights George Grosz’s 1922  lithographic suite The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller’s “The Robbers" as well as artworks by other printmakers of the era, including Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, and Käthe Kollvitz. The works on display powerfully blend issues of history, politics, art, and national identity, provoking questions about who we are and what we value in ways that are as pertinent today as they were a century ago.

George Grosz, (Germany, 1893 - 1959), In meinem gebiet soll's soweit kommen, dass Kartoffeln und Dünnbier ein Traktament für Festage werden, und wehe dem, der mir mit vollen, feurigen backen unter die Augen tritt! Blässe der Armut und sklavische Furcht sind meine Leibfarbe; in diese Livrei w, 1922, Photolithograph on paper, 27 x 20 inches. Gift of David and Eva Bradford, 2002.53.6.2

George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
"Right is with the strongest", plate 9 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1921/22
Offset lithograph
image: 19 5/8 × 14 15/16 in. (49.85 × 37.94 cm) smallest sheet size: 27 5/8 × 20 in. (70.17 × 50.8 cm) largest sheet size: 28 1/16 × 20 in. (71.28 × 50.8 cm) mat: 36 × 28 in. (91.44 × 71.12 cm)
Marcia and Granvil Specks Collection M2000.319.9
Photo credit: Michael Tropea
© Estate of George Grosz/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "Even lions and leopards nourish their young. Ravens feast their brood on carrion...", plate 5 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1921, published 1922

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "I have done my part...The plunder is your affair!", plate 4 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1921, published 1922

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "I will root up from my path whatever obstructs my progress toward becoming the Master.", plate 1 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1922

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "Let those swim who can—the heavy may sink!", plate 8 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1921/22

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "Made in Germany" (Evil to Him Who Evil Thinks), plate 9 of 9 from "God with Us": Political Portfolio, 1919, published June 1920

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "Poor hare! Thou playest but a sorry part in this world's drama, but your worshipful lords must needs have hares!", plate 3 of 9 from from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1922

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "The blessing of heaven is visibly upon me", plate 6 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1922

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "The World Made Safe for Democracy" (The Perfect Democracy/"The State, It Is I", plate 7 of 9 from "God with Us": Political Portfolio, 1919, published June 1920

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "They thunder forth from their clouds about gentleness and forebearance, while they sacrifice human victims to the God of love", plate 7 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1922

• George Grosz (American, b. Germany, 1893–1959)
• "Under my rule it shall be brought to pass, that potatoes and small-beer shall be considered a holiday treat; and woe to him who meets my eye with the audacious front of health...", plate 2 of 9 from The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller's "The Robbers", 1921/22

With the  lithographic suite The Robbers: Nine Lithographs on Maxims from Schiller’s “The Robbers," Grosz updated Friedrich Schiller's iconic 1781 play of the same name, depicting the canonical story in the tumultuous climate of early 1920s Berlin in which he lived. With figures culled from the modern era, Grosz’s imagery suggests the vast social discord where the traumatic effects of the mechanized war, greed, industry, and poverty intersected to undermine national stability in the young Weimar Republic.

Grosz’s prints were part of a broader artistic culture in which other printmakers and theater directors produced modern interpretations of canonical of German literature, overtly politicizing the hallmarks of the nation’s cultural heritage. Their work, available to broad audiences through widely disseminated prints or stage performances, was a type of social intervention at a moment when conceptions of German identity vacillated wildly. The interplay between contemporaneous politics and historic literature highlighted the tensions between tradition and modernity, which strained German society and which remain continually resonant today across the world.

Many of the prints in this exhibition, including the Grosz series, represent a post-World War I aesthetic known as “New Objectivity.” Whereas German Expressionists of an earlier generation often depicted emotional responses to the modern condition, highlighting themes of angst, inner turmoil, and social alienation, the leaders of New Objectivity rooted their prints in a type of biting, provocative realism, often relying on satire and caricature. Because of their goals to be socially engaged artists shaping the national discourse, many of the artists working in these styles found the print medium to be especially efficient as prints could be disseminated more broadly than painting or sculpture.


The Robbers: German Art in a Time of Crisis, which opens in the centenary year of the end of World War I, turns our attention away from the conflict itself and towards the aftermath that defined the next two decades. These works, many of which are gifts to the PMA from David and Eva Bradford, add context to the social and artistic expression of the era and are equally probing in their evaluation of German society and national identity.


Self and Society: The Norma Boom Marin Collection of German Expressionist Prints

Norma Boom Marin, the widow of John Marin Jr. and daughter-in-law of the painter John Marin, began collecting German Expressionist prints after her husband died in 1988. Now, she’s giving 28 of those prints to the Colby College Museum of Art in Waterville.Maine. Many of the 28 prints are brilliant or rare impressions and include works on paper from German artists of the early 20th century, including Otto Dix and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. There are five prints by Max Beckmann, a color lithograph by Emil Nolde and a drypoint print by Conrad Felixmüller. Colby will show the prints as its major summer show.  “Self and Society: The Norma Boom Marin Collection of German Expressionist Prints” will open July 14.

"Die Raucher (The Smoker)," Max Beckmann, 1916. Drypoint on chamois laid paper, 13 x 10 in. (34.9 x 25.4 cm) Colby College Museum of Art. The Norma Boom Marin Collection of German Expressionist Prints, 2017.439. © 2018 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn

"Die Granate (The Granade)," Max Beckmann, 1915. Drypoint on simili Japan, 25¼ x 18⅞ in. (64.1 x 47.9 cm). Colby College Museum of Art. The Norma Boom Marin Collection of German Expressionist Prints, 2017.449. © 2018 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn

"Artistin (Circus Performers)," Conrad Felixmüller, 1921. Drypoint, 21½ x 13½ in. (54.6 x 34.3 cm). Colby College Museum of Art. The Norma Boom Marin Collection of German Expressionist Prints, 2017.449. © 2018 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn